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Cookies is small text files saved locally on the user's computer by the website, when the website later on wants the information it just reads the cookie on the user's computer. An example on what you can use cookies for is to see if the user has visited the site before, if it has then a cookie you saved the last time lies on the computer so therefor you can only check if it does.

The Ternary comparison operator is an alternative to the if-else statement, it's shorter and could be used to easily do a significant difference depending on a condition without the need of a if statement. The Ternary operator is made for two different actions, one if the condition is true, the other one if it's false but with nested Ternary operators we can use it like an if-elseif.else statement(more to that later).